The American Colonization Answers and Question Quiz
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American Colonization Question and Answer Quiz
The American Colonization Society, originally known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of American Color until 1837, was founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and also support the emigration of free people of color to the continent of Africa.
The American Colonization Society was founded in response to what was seen as a growing social problem: what to do with free blacks. The number of free people of color grew steadily in the aftermath of the American Revolutionary War, from 60,000 in 1790 to 300,000 by 1830. Enslavers feared that these free blacks would help their slaves escape or rebel. In addition, most white Americans believed that African Americans were an inferior race and, therefore, should be moved to a place where they could live in peace. In this place, they would not face prejudice, a place where they could be citizens.
The growth of slavery in the South
Growing and exporting cotton became a very profitable business after the invention of the cotton gin in the 1890s. The focus of the work was the establishment of farms on which enslaved workers worked. Due to increased demand, imports of enslaved Africans grew until legal importation was banned in 1808. After that time, Maryland and Virginia openly raised enslaved people, “producing” children for sale “in the South,” through brokers such as Franklin and Armfield to plantation owners. This forced the resettlement of approximately one million enslaved people into the Deep South.
The sharp increase in the black population in America
Due in part to manumission efforts launched by revolutionary ideals, Protestant preachers, and the anti-slavery movement, there was an expansion in the number of free blacks, many of whom were born free. However, even in the North, where slavery had been abolished, discrimination against free blacks was widespread and often legal. Few states expanded citizenship rights to liberate blacks before the 1860s, and the federal government, primarily controlled by slave power, showed no inclination to challenge the racial status quo.
Early colonization in Africa
In 1786, a British organization, the Black Poor Relief Committee, launched its efforts to establish Liberty County in Sierra Leone, a West African colony of the “black poor” in London. This project gained support from the British government, which also offered to relocate the resettled black Loyalists in Nova Scotia, where they experienced harsh weather conditions and discrimination from some of Nova Scotia’s whites.
Paul Cuffe
Paul Cuffe, or Cuffee, was a successful Quaker ship owner and activist in Boston from 1759 to 1817.His parents were of Ashanti (African) and Wampanoag (Native American) descent. He advocated the resettlement of formerly enslaved Americans in Africa. He secured support from the British government, freed black leaders in the United States, and members of Congress to transport immigrants to the British colony of Sierra Leone.
Efforts to relocate free black people other than to Africa
Although nothing is ultimately remembered, several other proposals have moved the formerly enslaved people much closer. One option discussed was to settle them in the sparsely populated new western lands obtained through the Louisiana Purchase or on the Pacific Coast, the establishment of a black reserve similar to an Indian one. Haiti was open to them, and there was an unsuccessful attempt to establish a farming community of formerly enslaved Americans in Ile-a-Vache, Haiti.
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